1 Corinthians 15-16: What Is the Resurrection? #30daysofPaul

I have a difficult relationship with the Resurrection.

I know that’s a strange statement to make, considering centrality of the Resurrection of Christ to the Christian faith. Ask any Christian you know, and they likely will tell you that the bodily resurrection of Christ is a non-negotiable tenant of the faith.

Let me be straight with you: I don’t believe in a bodily resurrection. I don’t believe Jesus rose physically from the grave on the third day after he died. In fact, I don’t even think he was buried in a tomb. I certainly don’t think his physical body appeared to Mary, or Peter, or the disciples, or the travelers on the road to Emmaus, or Paul.

I know this probably brands me as a heretic, or some such other outcast from the Christian faith. Just consider tonight’s passage from Paul: 1 Corinthians 15 is exclusively focused on the Resurrection, it’s centrality to the Christian faith, and the common bond it engenders among all believers. Paul uses the Resurrection to hammer home his point of Christian unity in this letter, saying: “If Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile.”

So that basically seems to seal the deal, right? Maybe I should be reconsidering my religious affiliation here.

But let me restate what I believe: I don’t believe in the bodily resurrection of Christ.

But is there a resurrection outside of the bodily type that exemplifies what the early church described when it spoke of a “Living Christ” and “Resurrected Lord?”

Not long after I began my ordination process with the UMC in Kansas, I met with my pastor at the time to discuss some of my questions and concerns in the process. I asked my pastor (a progressive leader of a Reconciling Ministries congregation) about my unorthodox theological beliefs, including this very subject. I told him I was concerned about taking the ordination vows of Methodist church, considering I didn’t necessarily believe the same thing as the church on Resurrection, among other things. I didn’t want to have to take vows while crossing my fingers. I want to be true to myself, my church, my faith and my future congregations.

My pastor told me something that has stuck with me ever since: “Everybody believes in the Resurrection; but that Resurrection takes different forms for different people.”

This seemingly obvious idea has stuck with me, and has allowed me to evolve theologically in an open and free way. It’s allowed me to get to the place I am on the Resurrection, which is being open and honest about my disbelief, and on the flip side, about what I in fact do believe.

So, if not a bodily resurrection, then what?

The movement Christ led seems extraordinary to us, two thousand years after the fact, considering it led to the formation of the largest, most influential religion in world history. But in first century Palestine, Messianic movements centered around a charismatic personality were fairly common and anodyne.

Yet, the Christian movement persisted, unlike to many other. Why is this? What made the Christian movement more special than any other?

Many Christians would, I think, answer that the answer is obvious: because the God-given message of Jesus is irresistible and divinely ordained. In this view, the spread of Christianity was inevitable. But I don’t think so. Yes, Jesus’ message was counter cultural, revolutionary and world changing in a way none of the others was. But after his death, something had to have perpetuated this message. Something carried that message for forty years, until it was written down by the author or Mark, beginning the synoptic traditions and the worldwide spread of written Christianity.

I contend that the thing that caused the Christian cause to live on, to not die out following the devastating and especially cruel death of it’s progenitor was a single person: Peter. I believe we Protestants overlook the outsize influence and role of Peter in the perpetuation of our faith.

Now, I know this is a series on Paul and the importance of writings, but let’s show some love to Peter. I’ve come to this appreciation of Peter very recently. Bishop John Shelby Spong’s book “Resurrection” helped me get there, and since finishing it recently, I’ve been giving a lot of thought to the Rock of the church.

Following Jesus’ death, it would have been very easy for the Christian movement to fold up, to disappear in a cloud of despair and grief. And maybe it did for a while. Maybe after the death of Jesus, the disciples scattered for a time, and things quieted down, and it seemed that the movement was good and dead.

But I think at some point soon after Jesus’ death, after the shock of his death have begun to fade, Peter decided to pick up the pieces, to carry on the life-changing message of Jesus. Through his force of personality and will, Peter reassembled those who followed Jesus, began the theological development of Christianity, and built a church community based in Jerusalem.

And at that point, Christianity distinguished itself from all the other Messianic movements, and took on the narrative of Resurrection. Jesus’ resurrection took the form of the continuance of the movement he started. Jesus’ resurrection was, and is, the success and life of the Church initiated in his name. Jesus’ resurrection is the message he preached being taught in all the world, and embraced by billions over the last two thousand years.

And who led this early movement? Peter. I think Peter almost singe-handedly willed the Christian movement into existence. I think Peter embodied the Resurrection of Jesus. I think Peter, by being the foundation of our faith, deserves to be recognized for the out sized influence he had on the Christian faith.

I don’t really know what this means for the message Paul is recounting here. Twenty years after the death of Jesus, the story of Resurrection has already become central to the Christian community spreading across the Mediterranean world. It’s easy to read this chapter in light of either of these views of Resurrection-the bodily variety, or the living church variety- and feel it validates your particular view. And that is probably why Resurrection has gone from an understanding of the extraordinary nature of the Jesus movement’s continuance, to meaning the literal, physical bodily Resurrection of Jesus.

I could write a book about the subject of Resurrection, and another one about what I think of Peter. Maybe I will one day. But for tonight, here is my takeaway from 1 Corinthians 15: the idea of Resurrection, of rebirth, of a return to life after the seeming inevitability of death, is indeed central to Christianity, no matter what form that Resurrection takes for different people. My pastor was right: everybody has their own view of Resurrection. And really, that’s perfectly fine. It’s the idea of rebirth that’s important in the end, not the literal truth of any one story.

Let’s embody that Resurrection by carrying forward a message of peace, of love, of forgiveness, of God’s authentic justice and desire for liberation of all people, as taught and lived by Jesus before his terrible death. Let’s not let the Good News be buried, but be reborn everyday in our actions, in our lives as Christians. Amen.

Next: 2 Corinthians 2:14-3:18

For a PDF of the 30 Days of Paul reading plan, click here.

1 Corinthians 13-14: The Greatest Of These is Love #30daysofPaul

I think 1 Corinthians 13 gets short shrift sometimes. Everybody knows this chapter because everybody knows a teenage girl who can quote it by heart, or wears it on a locket or whatever. And so everybody writes it off as that love passage.

Thinking of chapter 13 as a self-contained love poem strips it of all it’s context, and all it’s power to comment of the liberation we all take part in. By relegating it to t-shirts and bookmarks, it loses the subversive nature it is naturally endowed with. Paul ends chapter 12, after discussing the importance of the various spiritual gifts of the community, by telling them that he knows a spiritual gift better than all others-better than tongues, or teachings, or healing or anything. Love, in Paul’s theology is a spiritual discipline, an active practice, rather than a passive emotion brought on by the thought of another.

Love, the act of primary concern for others as for one’s self, is the center piece of the Christian tradition.  We are told that God is Love itself. We are commanded by Jesus to, above all else, love God and love each other. Every action we take a followers of Jesus should be driven by our love for others. As Paul says early in chapter 13,

“If I give away all my possessions, and if I hand over my body so that I may boast, but do not have love, I gain nothing.”

But this isn’t just a feeling of compassion for others. It is to act as if the person in front of you is you. No matter who they are, no matter what they do. Love drives us on to forgiveness, to justice, to mercy, to act with grace. Love calls us to free the prisoner, feed the hungry, clothe the naked.

The result of Christian love is true liberation. We cannot be in solidarity, we cannot work for the freedom of others, to liberate them from the bonds that chain them, without the love of Christ indwelling within us. When Paul spoke of the compulsive actions of Christian service driven by our faith in Galatians, he was speaking there of the love of God embodying us.

In the context of this letter to Corinth, Paul has been urging the Corinthians to find the Christian unity evading them. By reminding them of their various gifts that make up the whole body of Christ, and working to resolve their disputes and answer their questions, Paul has built a persuasive argument that finds it culmination here. Their love for one another should compel them to make their divisions subservient to their bonds of brotherhood and sisterhood. Such is the essence of Christian unity: unity in love.

Paul ends the chapter by saying:

“And now faith, hope and love abide, these three; and the greatest of these is love.”

Amen.

Next: 1 Corinthians 13-14

For a PDF of the 30 Days of Paul reading plan, click here.

1 Corinthians 11-12: This Table is Open to All #30daysofPaul

Rob Bell and your humble blogger

I had the incredible opportunity to attend Rob Bell’s “Everything is Spiritual” show when it was here in Tulsa last week. I’ve been a Rob Bell for a while, ever since I read his paradigm-shifting book “Love Wins,” and his stage show is absolutely mind-blowing. If you get a chance, go. Cancel everything and go and take a notepad and just listen to him talk. It’s really mind-blowing.

The stuff he talked about fits right in with what we are experiencing here in Paul’s first letter to the Corinthians. Today’s chapters move us back into Paul’s overarching theme in this letter of Christian unity.

In the talk, Rob described the fundamental progress of the universe towards greater complexity, depth and unity. He spoke of how evolutionary processes have caused all living things, including humans, to defy all expectations by becoming more complex by coming together to create something bigger. Particles combine to become atoms, atoms combine to become molecules, molecules combine to become cells, cells combine to become planets and rocks and plants and animals and us.

He asked, near the end, “what is the thing we are being invited to create together?” What is that thing in the future that humans are to come together and make, that thing that may be inconceivable and unimaginable to us now, but is nevertheless real and desirable and damn near inevitable?

One of the most moving statements he made was about racism and the way it works against the progress of nature. “Racism,” he said, “defies the essential unity of the universe.” Things like racism and bigotry and hate tear us apart, instead of building community. 13.8 billion years of history show an undeniable story of progress, one that some humans work so hard to push back against.

We Christians have a long, rich history of unity, interwoven with a tendency to build walls and tear apart communities and segregate ourselves. Paul, in chapters 11 and 12, ties the essential unity of Christianity, how it is like a body made up of many parts working towards a common goal, to the practice of communion, that brings all Christians together around one table, equally valued and equally important.

Communion is at the center of the Christian tradition. The earliest Christian believers gathered not for worship services and praise bands and prayers of the people, but to share meals, to be a community gathered around the most universal of human needs, the need to be nourished and fed. Communion is at  it’s best when all are welcome, when it reflects the example of the Jesus who ate with everyone – tax collectors, prostitutes, thieves, everyone.

Too many denominations and Christians place conditions around the common table. They have requirements to join in communion, to be a part of the community gathering together. I’ve long rejected these traditions and found my home in the denominations that practice an open, inclusive table. My church homes- the United Methodist Church and the Disciples of Christ-place no restrictions to who can join our communion tradition. This creates a beautiful practice whenever communion is had, as all identifiers and categories are left behind like one’s coat and hat as all are given the bread and the cup. No matter the struggles and sins and suffering in one’s life, everyone is welcomed in and loved in this most basic of Christian traditions.

Through the Lord’s Table, we are able to serve one another every time we are together, making a habit of the art of service. Rob described serving as “when you intentionally decide to align yourself beyond yourself.” What a beautiful way of reminding ourselves why we live with ultimate regard for the Other. he also said, “suffering is not an intellectual exercise,” meaning that suffering is one of the most intense of human experiences and only by identifying and unifying ourselves with others can we join in their suffering, understand, and then work to liberate them from it.

The last Rob Bell quote I want to share: “Line yourself up with the fundamental direction of the universe.” He repeated this mantra over and over. The universe for 13.8 billion years has been moving inevitably towards complexity, depth, and unity. In a word, it has been making constant progress. As Christians, may we always line our selves up with that progress, by practicing the unity of One Church, One Body, One faith.

Next: 1 Corinthians 13-14

For a PDF of the 30 Days of Paul reading plan, click here.